Water is a fundamental need of all the organisms it means that without water there is no life on the earth. One-third of the earth's surface is surrounded by water but most of the water is in the form of seawater or ice which can't be used for drinking purposes. Out of the total water on the earth, only 2-3% of water is in the form of freshwater.
These days human activity leads to water pollution. Water pollution is used to define the change in the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the water and the pollutant which is responsible for water pollution is called the water pollutant.
Water purification is a process that is used to remove the impurities present in the water. Water contains several impurities such as physical, chemical, and biological contaminants. Hence the water purification process removes undesirable contaminants, biological impurities, suspended solids, and gases from the water. Along with these contaminations, the ro service center is also used to eliminates these below listed compounds from water
- Chromium
- Lead
- Zinc
- Algae
- Bacteria
- Virus
- Parasites such Cryptosporidium or Giardia
- Copper
- Unpleasant odour
- Magnesium
The main aim of the water purification process is to bring out clean & clear water which is suitable for specific purposes such as drinking, medical, pharmaceutical, chemical, and industrial purposes. The water purification process reduces the concentration of the suspended particles, bacteria, algae, viruses, & fungi along with the range of the dissolved and particulate matter.
The standard of drinking water quality is created by governments or by international standards. According to the world health organization (WHO) report 2007, approximately 1 billion people are not able to use pure and healthy water for drinking purposes.
Every year more than 4 billion case registers for diarrhea out of that approximately 90% of cases are due to the drinking of impure water. The diarrheal disease causes approximately 1.8 million dies every year. WHO says that this ratio can be decreased by up to 95% simply by getting access to pure and healthy water for drinking purposes and modification in the environment.
Reducing death which occurs due to the drinking of impure and contaminated water is the main aim of our country (India). The water purification process can also be achieved at home by using chlorination, filters, solar disinfection, and storing in a safe container.
Complete Overview About Water Purification Process
The Ro Servicing Near Me is based on these below-listed methods
- Preliminary treatment
- Primary treatment: It involves the removal of physical contamination. Mainly done by screening, Multi-Media Filtration, etc.
- Secondary treatment: it involves the removal of suspended solids by using a biological process.
- Tertiary or Advance Treatment: The chemical process does it for the final treatments.
1. Physical Waste Water Treatment
A waste water treatment which uses physical methods to eliminate the contamination present in the water is called physical waste water treatment. Physical wastewater treatment consists of
- Screening- used as pre-treatment methods to remove more considerable suspended material
- Multi-media Filtration (MMF)- use to filter suspended solids
- Membrane Filtration- use barrier (micro-filtration, ultra-filtration) or semi-permeable membrane (nano or reverse osmosis) membrane to remove suspended solids and total solids
What Is Screening?
Screening is one of the essential steps used for the waste water treatment process. In this process, removal of objects like rags, paper, plastics, and metal to prevent damage and clogging of downstream equipment, piping, and appurtenances. The screening process can be done two ways
1. Coarse Screening
It is responsible for the removal of large solids, rags, and debris from the wastewater. In coarse screening, the opening is about 6mm (0.25) or larger. Coarse screening can be done by
- Trash Rack
It is designed to prevent logs, timbers, stumps, and other large debris from entering into the primary water purification process. The typical opening of trash rack is 38-150 mm
- Manually Cleaned Bar Screen
It is designed to remove larger solids, rags, and debris. The opening size is about 30-50 mm. In a manually cleaned bar screen, the bar is set at 30-45 degrees from vertical to facilitate the cleaning process. This is mainly used in the older or smaller water treatment process or bypass channels.
- Mechanically Cleaned Bar Screen
Like manually cleaned bar screen, mechanically cleaned bar screen is also used to remove larger size solids, rags, and debris. But the opening size of the automatically cleaned bar screen is about 6-38 mm and the bar is set at 0 to 30 degrees from vertical. Automatically cleaned bar screen is famous among other screens as it possesses a large number of advantages.
2. Fine Screening
It is mainly used to removes those materials that lead to the operation and maintenance issues in the downstream process, mostly in those systems which lack primary treatments. The opening size for fine screening is 1.5 to 6 mm. Very fine screens with the opening of 0.2 to 1.5 mm are placed after coarse or fine screens may lower the suspended solid concentration to a level near the concentration achieved by primary clarification. Fine Screening is mainly done by following these process such as:
- Fixed Screens
It is suitable when only a small amount of materials need to be removed. It is mostly placed after the bar screen. The opening of the fixed screens ranges from 1-25 mm.
- Band Or Belt Screens
Band Fixed screens are made up of flexible woven wire mesh. This screen is usually used for a river supply.
- Disc Screens
These kinds of fixed screens are mainly used in a circular direction. The diameter of these screens ranges from 2-5mm at the speed of about 0.05m/s.
- Drum Screens
Drum screens are made up of a hollow drum. In this, the waste water is passed through the inside/hollow portion of the drum. The solid remains inside of the drum, and the screening is removed through the gravitational action.
What Is Multi-Media Filtration
It is a modern physical wastewater treatment method which uses at least three layers of filtration media such as anthracite, sand and garnet, to eliminate the water contamination. In this wastewater treatment process particles having molecular size 10-15 micron in size get removed. But multi-media filtration (MMF) does not eliminate the microbial contamination like bacteria, viruses, fungi and other.
What Is Membrane Filtration?
The physical waste water treatment process, which eliminates water contamination with the help of the membrane, is called as membrane filtration. There are four types of membrane filtration
- Microfiltration
It is a type of physical waste water treatment where water is allowed to pass through a special pour sized membrane to eliminate microbial contamination present in the water. Microfiltration technology is used in conjunction with various other separation processes to bring pure and healthy water. The membrane used in the Microfiltration’s pore size is about 0.01 to 10 micron.
- Ultrafiltration
In this physical waste water treatment process contamination present in water are used to eliminate by using a semi-permeable membrane. The membrane used in ultra filtration have a pour size of about 0.005 to 0.001 micron, and it is used to remove suspended particles, bacteria and specific virus. But this technology is mainly used in combination with other techniques for effective treatment.
- Nanofiltration
Nanofiltration is similar to the ultrafiltration, but the pore size of the membrane used in Nanofiltration technology is very fine. The pore size of the Nano filtration membrane is 0.005 to 0.001 micron. This filtration technology eliminates divalent ions such as calcium; thus, sometimes it is referred to as softening membrane.
- Reverse Osmosis
It is one of the most commonly used to find reverse osmosis service near me. Like other membrane technology reverse osmosis technology also uses a semi-permeable membrane to eliminate the water impurities present in water. The pore size of the membrane used in this technology is about 0.005 to 0.0001 micron. RO water purifier can remove dissolved ions, bacteria, viruses, and other contamination.
2. Chemical Wastewater treatment
A waste water treatment system which uses chemicals to treat the contamination present in the water is called chemical wastewater treatment. Chemical wastewater treatment is also known as tertiary or final wastewater treatment. There are various different process for chemical wastewater treatment some of them are
- Neutralization
A water purification system uses a neutralization process to treat acidic water. The neutralization process can be done for various purposes:
- It is used for the neutralization of multiple types of effluent before they get discharged into the atmosphere.
- pH correction of the water occurs before the biological or physical and chemical treatment stage.
- Acidification upstream from a desalination membrane, industrial circuit vaccination
In a water purification system, a neutralization filter is used to treat highly acidic water. It is a simple treatment device that increases the pH of the water by adding neutralization material.
- Oxidation/Reduction
Redox reduction is essential for the treatment of the water. Oxidation with ozone and hydrogen peroxide are used to eliminate chlorinated hydrocarbon and pesticides from the water. This process is mainly used to reduce antibiotics, cytostatic drugs, hormones, and other anthropogenic trace substances.
- Disinfection
It can be achieved by either adding a disinfectant chemical or by removing the harmful micro-organism. Disinfection can be completed by various process
- Chlorine Gas
Chlorination by sodium hypochlorite solution, i.e., NaOCl, Solid calcium hypochlorite, i.e., Ca (OCl)2
- Chloramines
- Ozonation
It is a chemical water purification process, which is now one of the advanced methods; thus, it is mainly present in modern and advanced water purification system. This process is based on the infusion of the ozone in the water. Ozone is a gas which is consist of 3 molecules of oxygen, which is one of the potent oxidants. Ozonation in water purification system in use to eliminate organic compound and microbes related water contamination. The ozone water purification system in use has great application, but it is mostly used to remove organic and microbial contamination.
- Ultraviolet rays
The use of UV rays plays a vital role in the water purification system. UV rays have high penetration capacity, which kills or suspend the growth of the microbes present in drinking water. A water purification system containing ultra-violate rays is suitable for eliminating different types of biological contamination. There are various kinds of water purification system which includes UV rays to treat water contamination.
- Ion exchanger
In this process, a charged ion in a solution is exchanged with the similarly charged ion, which is electrostatically attached to an immobile solid particle. The best example of ion exchange is a water softener system.
3. Biological Waste Water Treatment
The biological treatment used it waste water treatment has a single motive to eliminate human and industrial waste without damaging the environment. Various kinds of processes can achieve it. Some of them are
- Aerobic Treatment
In this process, organic waste is converted into biogas containing a high concentration of methane and carbon dioxide. It mostly used in the industrial process as it is an energy-efficient process and covert a large amount of organic matter at a moderate temperature. This process occurs in the presence of oxygen.
- Anaerobic Treatment
It is a slow process that may take 3 months to complete. During this process, the unpleasant smell may appear. The anaerobic bacteria convert organic waste into biogas, which contains a high concentration of methane and carbon dioxide in the absence of oxygen.
